Born on January 8, 1867, in Jamaica Plain (now part of Boston), Massachusetts, Emily Balch was in the first class to graduate from Bryn Mawr College, in 1889. She pursued further studies in Paris and Berlin and at the University of Chicago and received training in social work from followers of Jacob Reis in New York City and in a settlement house in Boston, where she was associated with Vida Scudder. In 1896 she began her teaching career at Wellesley College, becoming in 1913 professor of political economy and political and social science.
She continued her interest in the settlement house movement, working with Jane Addams╒s Hull House in Chicago, was active in promoting various child-welfare reforms, and served on Massachusetts commissions on industrial education, 1908╨1909, and immigration, 1913╨1914, and on the Boston city planning board, 1914╨1917. A member of the Society of Friends, Balch became increasingly committed to the cause of peace and, following her attendance at the International Congress of Women at The Hague in 1915, she devoted her major efforts to that cause. Pacifism being an unpopular position in the United States at that time, she was relieved of her post at Wellesley in 1918. She helped Jane Addams found the Women╒s International League for Peace and Freedom in Zurich the following year and served as its secretary until 1922, when ill health forced her resignation; she resumed the post again briefly in 1934╨1935 and in 1936 was elected honorary international president.
In 1926 she was a member of an informal commission organized to study conditions in Haiti, and the committee╒s report, Occupied Haiti, 1927, of which she was the principal author, was credited with hastening the withdrawal of U.S. forces from the country. Her work for peace finally achieved its due recognition in 1946, when she shared the Nobel Peace Prize with John R. Mott. She gave her share of the money award to the W.I.L.P.F. Among her writings are Outline of Economics, 1899, A Study of Conditions of City Life, 1903, Our Slavic Fellow-Citizens, a thorough and sympathetic study of Slavic immigrants, 1910, Approaches to the Great Settlement, 1918, Refugees as Assets, 1939, The Miracle of Living, a volume of verse, 1941, One Europe, 1947, Vignettes in Prose, 1952, and Toward Human Unity, or Beyond Nationalism, 1952. She died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on January 9, 1961.
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